Means for controlling electric apparatus.



E. H as K. A; WIDEGREN. 4 MEANS FOR CONTBOLLINGELEOTRIG APPARATUS. APPLIOLHON FILED JUNE 8, 1910. 1 ,Q54,'81 1 Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

3 BHEBTFBHEET 1.

E. H. & K. A. WIDEGREN. MEANS FOR OONTBOLLING ELECTRIC APPARATUS.

APPLICATION rum) mm: a, 1910. 1,054

i Patented Mar 4,

a snnn'rHnnm 2.

E. H. & K. A. WIDEGRBN. MEANS FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRIC AP PARA'I'US. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8, 1910 1,054,811 Patented M2124, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

i wires to put into operation 'or to regulate UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. EMIL HENRIK WIDEGREN AND KLAS AUGUST WIDEGEEN, or ALIBY, swEnEiv.

' eans ron CONTROLLING ELECTRIC ArrAnA'rrrs.

1,054,811; Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 4,1913, Application liled June 8, 1910. Ser1al No. 565,840. I

lation between the length and the intervals To all whom, may concern:

of the pulsations.

Be it known that we, EMIL HENRIK W1DE- GREN, a citizen of the United States of America, and :KLAS' Aueusr WIDEGREN, a subject of the King of Sweden, both residents of Alby, Sweden, have invented new and useful Means for Controlling Electric Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improved means for control ing from a distance electric apparatus and especially telegraph apparatus and the like, which renders it possible by means of a single line wire or a few such ing relay of the receiving stationin full of which will be analogous wlth those of the current flowing through the eonnectionwire, Y

but thestrength of which Wlll be independent of the strength of the last mentioned our:

the operation of any one of a number of electric apparatus and especially to have such an apparatus, which can take up diflerent positions, tomove into the-desired position.

The invention is especially applicable for telegraphic transmission of hand writing, rawings, type writing and so on, but it may also be used for other purposes where it is required to effect a selective adjustment or control of an apparatus from a distance. The construction of the receiver or receivers, which according to the present in 'vention are used at the receiving station, is based upon the Well known principle of varying sensibility for varying strengths of current, so that for instance one adjustment is effected by a strength of current of 0.1 ampere, another by a strength of current of 0.4 ampere and so on, said receivers being further of such construction that they are when itbeeomes currentless, or vice versa.

the corresponding relation in the 10 al cir euit of the receiver will also be =-2:%when 'the relay in being excited closes the local circuit, and =5z2, if the relay breaks the pulsations transmitted from' the transmit receiver will also be changed to 1:5 or 5:1. It is thus possible by means of the said de-' vices to eflect from the transmittingetation arbitrary changes of the relation between the length and the intervals of the pulsathatthis efi'ect'within certain limits is indeof the pulsations lie Within limits that secure a good function of the switching relay at the receiving station.

The elfective value of a pulsating current of the kind that is used-at a r; iving station with a source of constant current de: pends only on the relation between the length and the intervals of the pulsations, if only the local circuit so arranged that its strength of current in closing of the circuit reaches its full valuefi xithout any perceptible loss of time and Idc' eased as rapidly to zero in breaking he'ci cuit. If the strength of current at ronstaiiticlosing tion, and at the latter saidcircuit is provided tween the length and mum:

of the circuit is :5 and th relation be the intervals of the pulsations for instancef2z3, the ellective value of the strength of current in the local circuit will he 0.4.5, and it is obvious that this value is dependent only upon the relation between the length and the intervals or" the pulsations coming from the transmitting station, but is fully independent of the strength of current and frequency of said pulsations.

lt'a pulsating current of the kind that is created in the local circuit of the receiving station by means of the above mentioned devices flows for instance tirough the winding of an elect-ron'iagnet the sensibility of which over against the separate pulsations is sutliciently damped, an average magnetization will he reached that is determined only by the said eilective value of the pulsating current. The frequency of the pulsations above a certain minimum value which is de termined by the damping oi the magnet and the armature thereof hasno influence on the working of the magnet.

The devices used for the present purpose thus consist at the transmitting station of an apparatus for transmitting pulsating currents with controllable or determined relation between the length and the intervals of the pulsations, and at the receiving, station partly of a switching relay with out own oscillations and as fares possible undamped, so that it can work fully in accordance with the pulsations coming from the transmitting station. and partly of electromau ncts, solenoids, or the like, in a local circuit controlled by the said switching relay, said electroinaguets or the like heing damped over against. the pulsations in. such a manner that they are not influenced by the separate pulsations but work 0111 in accordance with the effective value of the exciting current.

In the accompanying drawings we have shown diagrannnatically some embodiments of our invention.

Figure l, which chiefly serves to illustrate the principle. of the invention, shows devices for adj usting'troin distance the core of a solenoid into different positions. Fig. 2 shows a cmistructional form of the invention for tele raphic transmission of usual hand writing, (ii-swings, and so on; Fig. 2 shows a detail of 2. Fig. shows a device for telegraphic transmission of type writing.

Referring to Fig. 1, A indicates a transmitting station and B a'receiving station connected to each other either by a single line wire 1 and the earth or by double line wire. 2 indicates a con'imntator oi the transmitting station, consisting of a rotating drum 0]: conducting material and having insulations recessed in its surface.

mar en which form between them conducting pointed tongues LL extending from an integral metallic surface 3 Against the latter bears a brush to which one pole of a source of electric current 6 is connected, the other pole of which is connected to earth.

The connection or line wire 1 is connected 'to a brush 7 bearing against the commutator and being adjustable axially along the same. Atthe receiving station B the line wire 1 is connected to the winding of th elcctromagnet S of a switching relay the armature of which can follow all pulsations of a current sent from A. to B.

It is most suitable to use as an armature a diaphragm 9 of thin sheet iron which is secured in a frame. The diaphragm is arranged in such a manner that the center thereof is in proximity to the pole of the relay magnet. At the center ot the dia' hragm and on the side thereof opposite the magnet is .ecured a contact 10 which when the diaphragm is attracted strikes a tired contact 11. The contacts 10 and 11 constitute a circuit closer or switch in a local circuit 12 comprising a soure of electric current 13 and the winding; 14 of a solenoid, the iron core 15 of which isdaniped by the weight of its core and its connected parts.

A s iring 1G is arranged in such a manner that it tends to pull the iron core from the solenoid winding'lsl, while the latter attracts the iron core more or according to the eii'ectii'c value of the current flowing ihrou the local circuit. In the drawing eight adjusting positions a, t),

o the brush 7 at the commutator i'lzl I responding to eight positions 1 Z 0,, A, of the solenoid core The (jlQYlCt) described worl as 't'ollows: lit the brush T stands in a certain po. tion. for instance that ind .ied by Z pulsating; current liows when too commutator is rrtated through the line wire 1, the pulsations of said. current being determined by the width of the (:OlltlUClli'lQj portions -land the width of the intermediate insulations. The said pulsations excite the magnet 8 so that the latterattracts the diapnragm 9 which inthis 'a}; is a t .racted or not a tractcd during periods of time which practicall are equal to the length of the pulsations and the intervals thereof. When the diaphragin l) is attracted the local circuit is closed at the contacts 10 and 11 and in said circuit is created a pulsating current, the pulsations of which correspond accurately to the pulsations coming from the transmittcr. The solenoid l4: attracts its core 15 with a strength that corresponds to the effective Vttlllt; oi? the, current flowing through the local. circuit 12, whereby the core is adjusted into a determined position (5,.

If the brush-7 be displaced from the posi- I pulsations of the line wire. The said limits are however so wide that they practically which the width of the conducting portions need not be overpassed. is greater and the width of the insulating A gradual displacing of the brush 7 alon portions is smaller, the pulsations sent from the commutator will obviously effect a simi- 7o the transmitter will be increased and the inlar gradual displacing of the core 15. If it I tervals thereof decreased. Consequently the is desired to use only a determined number pulsations in the local circuit 12 will be of fixed adjusting positions one may substichahged correspondingly resulting in that tute for the adjustable brush 7 a correspondthe pulsating current of the local circuit ing number of fixed brushes arranged along f 5 rotation of the commutator. These two i 40 that is sullicient to cause circuit closing at 12 obtains a greater efl 'ective value whereby the commutator which all can close the cirthe core 15 is attracted more strongly and cuit through the commutator and on account is adjusted into another position f,. of their ositions cause pulsations of differ- Every position of the brush 7 corresponds ent l g and Intel Vals- 15 thus to a determined position of the core 15, g- 2 Shows a y Q of ll 80 and this correspondence is, as is evident transmlssloll of ar y g and e like, from the foregoing, due to the fact that the h W rkmg of which is independent of the pulsating current of the local circuit 12 is st nce between the stations and the res1st-' dependent on the pulsating currentof the 0f the m f 61.113111? line wire 1. The working of the device de- The transmitting station is indicated byi A and the receiving station by B. At the transmitting station is provided a pencil 17 which is movable on a plate 18.- For the sake of clearness the latter is shown both in plan view and in side view. The said pencil go is by means of links 19, 20 and 21', 22 connected to pulleys 23 and 24, the links 20 and 22 and also the pulleys 23 and 24 being rigidly secured to the axles of the latter. Each position of the pencil corresponds always toa certain angular position of the links 20 and 22 and thus also ofthe pulleys 23 and 24. On

the said pulleys and on other pulleys 25 and 26 are placed belts 27 and 28 to which are attached brushes 7 and 7, the latter being 100 adjustable along a commutator 2 of the same construction as that shownin Fig. 1. On the non-slotted portion of the commutator drum 3 slides a brush 5 Which by means of a Wire 29 is connected to the pivoted arm 30 5 of a reversing switch 31. The said arm is connected to and actuated by the writing plate 18. The switch 31 further comprises a fixed grounded contact 32 and two contact springs 33 and 34 which are each connected 110 to a pole of a source of electric current 6.

The writing plate is journaled in such a manner that it moves downward by the pressure exerted on it when writing. As

more och-antageous than the old apparatus of the kind in question. The fact that the 30 working of the device is independent of the strength of current and of the resistance of the line wire is evident already from the foregoing. But said fact is also evident from the circumstance that the switching 5 contacts 10 and 11, which transmit the influence of the circuit 1 .to the cricuit 12, work independently of the absolute strength 'of current and the resistance of the Wire 1, aslong as the strength of current has a value the contacts 10 and-11. Further it is obvious that the working of the device Within certain limits is independent of the speed of rotation of the commutator. If the brush 7 has been adjusted into a certain position and the speed of rotation of the commutator for .instance is increased, the periods of time during'which the brushis in contact with the conducting portions will certainly be decreased but at the same time the periods during which the bins is in contact with the insulating portions will also be decreased in the same proportion, and, as the effec 30. In these movements of the writing plate value of pulsating currents of. the k nd in the reversing switch will be operated in such question, s is already mer'lhoned, p n a manner that it connects either ofthe poles 120 n he r n w n th l ng h nd h of the source of electric current to earth and intervals of the pulsations, the efiective the otherpole to thewire 29wherebythe pulvalue of the current of the .local circuit 12 g ti caused b th commutator will be of will be unchanged l} the Speed Of diflerent polarity according as they are sent tion f th mm a i h g pr i e while the pencil is pressed against the writ- 1-25 that thesaid speed is not decreased so much 1 1 l t or ai d ther fr -Th obj ct that the d mp g of h solenold Core 15 of this device will be explain-ed more particawill be-insutlicient for preventing vibrations, ularly here below. l or is not increased so much that the dia-- The brushes 7 and"? of the commutator 5 phragm 9 and its contact cannot follow the are each by means of a line wire 1* and 1 130 plate, the latter will, however, return into its original position by the action of a spring Soon as the pencil 17 is lifted from the, said respectively connected to the one end of the winding of a magnet 8 and 8* respectively at. the receiving station while the other ends of sai i windings are connected to earth or each to one return wire or eventually both to one anal the same return Wire.

The magnets 8 and 8 are, as the magnet l S in Fig. 1, each provided with a diaphragm 9 and 9" respectively and contacts 10 11 and 10", 11 respectively. The two pairs of contacts 10, 11 and 10", 11 are each arranged in a local circuit 12 and 12" respectively of the receiving station. For both circuits may be used one and the same source of electric current 13. In the said local circuits are )rovided solenoid coils 14 and 11 respective y, having iron cores 15 and 15 respectively. The latter are by means of belts 36 and 37 respectively which are placed on pulleys 3S and 39 respectively connected to springs 10" and 16 respectively counteracting the attraction of the cores by the coils l1 and 1-1 respectively.

The writing apparatus oi" the receiving staticn consists of a writing plate 4-0 and a pencil 11 which by means of link systems 4 and ll. 15 corresponding to the link systems 19, Qt) and 21'. Q2 oi the transmitter is connected to the pulleys 23S and 39. At one of the relay magnets. tor instance 5'. is provided a polarized armature l( operating a c.ircuit closer 17 in a local circuit 15% of the receiving station. This local circuit coinpri cs a small solenoid ll) the core -lfll oil which carrics the pencil ll and movable up and down in a cylinder *l- -l l ol' non-mag iietic material. Q. spring 41-93 normally holds the pencil raised 110111 the. writing plate it). while the solenoid 19 when excited attracts itsv armature and presses down the pencil against the writing plate. The cylinder 4-92 is hinged to the links i), ll, (Fig. 2). l hc, armature it) is ;-;o arranged that it is not attracted when ill((lllti'l ltlll of current flowing through the line wire 1 is that obtained by pressing down the writing plate 18 oi the t ansmitter. As long as the armature 16 is not attracted the local circuit 18 remains closed so that the pencil oi the receiver is kept pressed against. the writing plate a0.

The system now described works as follows: When the pencil 17 of the transmitter is moved over the writing plate 18 producing thereon for instance usual hand writing.

the iuillcys Q and 2 1' will be turned by Q means of the link systems 19, 20 and 21: respectively. whereby the brushes T and 7" will be displacedalong the commutator The latter being rotated at arbitrary speed luring the writing *auses the transmission through the line wires 1 and l of pulsaplate 18. Said pulsations will cause corresponding pulsations in the local circuits 12 and 12" whereby the cores 15 and 15" respectively will be attracted more or less into the respective coils 1-1 and 14" and-thereby, by means of the pulleys 38, 39 and the link systems 4 2, 43 and 411, 15 move the pencil 41 ot the receiver synchronously with the pencil l? and in the same path in which the latter is moved,

It is evident. that the movements of the pencil 11 of the receiver are independent of the polarity of the pulsations coming from the transmitting station, in as much as the magnets S- and 8" work independently thcreot. The polarized armature 16 will however not be attracted by the pulsations sent when the Writing plate 18 is pressed dowin and msequently the pencil 11 will be kept in contact with the writing plate 40 by means of the solenoid 49, as long as the pencil 17 is kept pressed against the plate 18. When the pencil 17 is raised for instance for producing spaces between the words or for commencing a new line the polarity of the current. llowingg through the line wires Will be reversed by the switch 31 being reversed. )n account thereof the polarized armature lo will lll' attracted and break the local cir cuit 18 so that also the pencil 11 will be raised from the plate 40 by its spring 493. 'lhcretore what is written on the plate 18 thusv will be accurately copied on the plate ll) independently oi the amount of the strength oi current that Hows through the line wires and independently of the speed of rotation oi the couuuntalor within limits which need not be overpass-ed. The writing is suitably made on usual paper that. is placed on the plates 18 and 1-0.

in the system shown in Fig. 3:) which serves to transmit. type writing a couunutator 2 is used at the transmitting station .1 having a number of brushes 50, 51, 52 and 53 placed in fixed positions. "lhe con.-.lruction of said commutator in other parts is the same as that of the commutator shown in Figs. 1 and 2. dili'crcnce resides. however, in that the local circuit of the receiving'slation ll comprises a number oi relays or electromagncls which will be operative for dill'creut ellective strengths of current 3 springs oi all a-rinatures are ol one and the tions the len th oi which in relation to the l troinagnets are so proportioned that tor a intervals thereof depends on the temporary pllfililflllr-i of the pencil 1'? on the writing same strength. The windings of the elecccrtain (Tectivc value of the current of the a contact will be obtained between the last of such contacts corresponds also to the number of brushes. By providing the com-.

- the receiving station. If a further connectmentioned connection circuit it will be posof the'commuta-tor or bothfthrough one and this way by means of seven brushes at the brushes are shown at the commutator in with a usual kyboard 61' a. type writing machine having depressiblefikeys These tion or line wires 1 and 1 to two of the closer 54 serves to connect the commutator arranged four-relays 55, 56, 57 and 58 the ,"armatures .ofwhich 59, 60, 61 and 62 are l'g dged' closely'to each other and are con- .number 'ofclectromagnets corresponding to the circuit-closers operated by the keys at the trans itting station, Of these electromagnets that one corresponding to the circuit-closer 54 is indicated by 63 while the.

others have no reference characters.

The armatures 59, 60, 61 and 62 are arranged in such a manner that an attracted armature is in contact wit-h the contact piece of an adjacent armature not attracted, but when also the latter is attracted, the said contact will be broken.

64 indicates a contact piece with which the armature 62 makes contact when at- In the local circuit 12- are in a similar way provided four relays 65, 66, 67 and 68 having armatures 69, 70, 71 and 72 arranged in similar way asthe armatures 59, 60, 61 and 62. i I

4'3 indicates a contact piece with which the last a mature 72 makes contact when attracted. All relays 55 to 58 and 65 to 68 are similar to each other except that their windings have a different number of turns so that they work for different minimum strength of current.

74 indicates a source of electric current'at the receiving station supplying current to g the electromagnets 63. These electrpmagnets are arranged in well known manner to, operate the keys of a usual type writing machine. For the" sake of clearness the type writing machine proper is not shown.

The system described with reference to Fig. 3 works as follows: If a key, for-instance that corresponding to the circuitcloser 54 of the transmitting station be depressed, this circuit-closer will connect the two line wires 1 and 1 to the commutator brushes 51 and 52, so that pulsating currents with a determined relation between their length and the intervals thereof will be sent through the line wires. These pulsations act at the receiving station on the two eleclocal circuit a certain number of the armatures areattracted'and the armatures are so arranged with relation to each other that attracted armature and the following nonattracted armature. In this way such a contact will always correspond to a certain brush of the commutator,- and the number mutator for instance with seven brushes it is thus possible control seven contacts at brushes von the commutator or being connected up to the same brushes as the firstsible to control a further set of sevencontacts at the receiving station. In this case it is suitable to combine the local circuits'of the receiving station 'i'n'such amanner that each local circuit is led through one contact in each of the two grou s and closes the two connecting circuits eacli through one brush thesame brush. In as much as here 49 combinations are possible 49 local circuits or a correspondingnumbei of electrom'agnets at e receiving station may be operated in transmitter andfourteen electromagnets at. the receiver.

For the sake of clearness only four 3. The transmitter may provided keys which are not shown in the drawing serve each to operate one clrcuit-closer which when closed connects the two connecbrushes 5053 or to one and the, same brush. In the drawing it is assumed that the key above the circuit-closer 54 is depressed so that this circuit-closer is closed, while the other circuit-closers are open. The clrcuitsponding pulsations in the local. circuits 12 and 12 The pulsations in the local circuit 12, which are caused by the brush 51, obtain such an effective value that the magnets 55, 56 and 57 attract their armatures,

brush 51 to the wire 1, and the brush 52 to the wire 1*. In similar way all circuit closers are arranged to connect the two connection or line wires to two brushes or to one brush of the commutator.

In each of the two line wires'is provided a sensitive electromagnet 8 and 8 respectively at the receiving station each magnet having an armature in the shape of a diaphragm 9 and 9 respectively which serves to close contacts 103,11 and 10 11 respectively in the local circuits l2 vand 12 respectively. In the local circuit 12 are tion. The pulsations in. the circuit 12, which are caused by the-' brush 52, obtaina somewhat smaller effective value so that only the magnets 65 and 66 attract their armatures.

tures will'be that a local circuit through .the type writing magnet 63 is closed in the tery "74-through armature 61,'the insulated contact piece of the armature 62, .the elec- .tromagnet 63, the insulatedcontact piece of the armature 71, and thearniature 70 to the neo up in the'circuits of a corresponding tromagnets which in their turn cause corre- 110 m while the armature 58 remains in idle posifollowing way: From one pole of the batothermole ofithe' battery-Z4. The electro 3 circuit, a

magnet 63 thus is excitecl and operates its key so that the corresponding type is writ ten. The Working; when osing the other circuitusers of the lie at the trai'isnntting; station is s .hslantiully the same as that. now iileserilietl.

liming new (lescrihed our inventici'i, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

t. In system for operating electric apparatus from a, distance, the combination ot a transmitter having means for generating pulsating electric currents and n'iunually operated means tor adjusting the relation between the her hs aiul intervals of pulsations, at receivcr consisting of switching relay actuated by the pulsating currents from the transmitter, u local circuit controlled by said switching relay, and a receiving apparatus operated in accordance to the effective value of the pulsating cur rents excited in the local circuit by the said switchinp' relay.

2. In a system for operating electrica paratus from a. distance, the combination of an electric source, a rotary commutator connected to said electric source, means for leading: ot from the commutator pulsating electric currents, manually operated means to. adjusting the relation between he lengths and. intervals of pulsation a line receiver consisting of a switching relay connected to the line circuit, a local circuit controlled by said switching relay, and a receiving apparatus in said local circuit operated in acco. nice to the effective value or the pulsating currcrts e:-;- cit-ed in the local cir ant lay the saul sWitcl-n L ing relay.

In a system of operating electric apparatus from u distance the combination of a transmitter having means for generating pulsating electric currei and manually operated means for adjusting the relai'ou between the lengths aiul intervals of pu sin tioin a line circuit, a receiver consistin of o diaphragm a v interriuiter connec i the line lllCUlt local c uit wnlrolleil by suitl interru ol r, a url receiving illll ltll'kl tus operated in :ucowlance to the eii'ecti've value of the pulsating rents excited. in the local circuit h ll e Apparatus tor te sion of Wr ti. aiul oi? a transmittl tuning: rue-ens a ing tu'o s iulsatiugr electric currents. hancl operatj iic s tor varying the relnlion ljietueeu lengths anal the intervals 2 of the pols a receiver con l aphic circuits. lccal circuits controlled by said switching relays, a pencil, and coils con-- nccted to said local circuit ior moving the pencil in accordance to the effective value of the pulsating currents excited in the suicl local circuits.

6. ln an apparatus for telegraphic transmission of writings and drawings, the combination of a transmitter consisting of hancl operativewriting inc-ans, means for generating two sets of pulsating currents having a. rarial'ile relation between the lengths and intervals of the pulsations a receiver ccnsis 'ng' of two switching rela s. local circuits controlled by said switching relays, writing' means and electromagnetic coils connected to said local circuits for moving the Writing means of the recei er in accord- ;alue of the iulsatelect source. inc rota eon iiu lat

ot the pnlsa wnumuintor eel. h'fil-ltl Writing circuit-3. ceirer. cm ting? of J circuits c rlllml l r o: the urns-21111151 en timon'y ii as our zmentio i.

In pm.

Jon's Duncan. 

